Mouse Models of Endophthalmitis in the MICRON Literature

About the MICRON Research Literature

These research pages organize published studies using MICRON imaging systems by animal species and the disease or condition investigated.

All publication counts and figures reflect the complete indexed research collection.

Explore related studies through the MICRON Research Hubs or search the complete publication collection in the reSEARCH portal.

Understanding Endophthalmitis

Endophthalmitis is an infection established inside the eye, in the vitreous or the aqueous or both; it is intraocular inflammation, but it is conventionally classified apart from the uveitides rather than as one of them.

The exogenous form follows a breach of the eye, for example after intraocular surgery, an intravitreal injection or penetrating trauma, while the endogenous form arises when organisms reach the eye through the bloodstream; bacteria account for most cases, and fungal endophthalmitis can follow a more indolent or chronic course.

It is an emergency because sight can be lost over hours to days, and because injury arises both from the organism and its toxins and from the host inflammatory response raised against them, which can go on damaging the retina after the organism itself has been controlled.

Endophthalmitis in Experimental Research

Separating those two contributions is what an animal model supplies:

• A defined organism and dose can be delivered at a known moment
• The resulting loss of retinal function followed from that moment
• Bacterial strains lacking a single toxin compared against the parent they were derived from

A patient's infecting dose and time of onset are unknown.

What the model does not supply is the treated human course, since clinical disease is recognized after symptoms begin and is treated urgently with intravitreal antimicrobial therapy, antibiotic or antifungal as appropriate, with systemic therapy important in many endogenous or fungal cases and vitrectomy used in selected cases, and since visual acuity and pain, endpoints that decide a human outcome, are not directly measurable in an animal.

Experimental exogenous disease is commonly established by placing an inoculum in the vitreous, so an intravitreal procedure recorded alongside this disease may be the route by which it was induced rather than a treatment under test.

Mouse Models of Endophthalmitis

The mouse carries most of this work.

Transgenic and knockout lines allow a pathway to be removed or overexpressed, and cost, availability, short generation time and a large body of background data reinforce the choice.

A genetic manipulation constrains rather than isolates a mechanism: developmental compensation and pleiotropy remain possible.

Published MICRON Research: Endophthalmitis in Mice

This page lists 4 papers from the MICRON literature, published 2015 to 2026, that study endophthalmitis in mice.

Of these publications:

• 4 studies used mice as the primary endophthalmitis disease model.

Scope of the literature collection: Publication counts reflect studies identified and indexed in the MICRON research corpus. This collection is not intended to represent an exhaustive review of all published endophthalmitis research.

Which imaging and experimental techniques are used in these studies?

Technique counts are paper-level co-occurrences and do not necessarily indicate that a technique was applied to the focal species or focal disease model.

Capabilities and Limitations of Imaging Techniques

A summary of what each imaging technique listed above can measure, the information it provides, and its limitations in research applications.

Electroretinography

Records the retina's electrical response to light, giving component-sensitive information about outer- and inner-retinal function. It measures function directly, which no structural method does. Full-field ERG sums across the whole retina, so a small lesion can leave the trace unchanged; focal and multifocal variants trade signal amplitude for spatial resolution.

Intravitreal Injection / Delivery

Injection into the vitreous places a substance directly into the vitreous at a known administered dose and chosen time, reducing but not eliminating systemic exposure. The injectate may be a therapeutic compound, cell preparation or viral vector, or an agent used to create the model, such as a toxin, vasoactive or excitotoxic compound, or infectious inoculum. The route bypasses surface-delivery barriers and provides direct access to the vitreous and posterior segment, but the concentration reached in a particular ocular tissue depends on distribution and clearance and is not fixed by the injected dose alone. It is invasive and discrete: each repeat dose or challenge requires another injection, and vehicle- or sham-injected controls can help separate effects of the injectate from effects of the procedure.

Fundus Fluorescein Angiography

Fundus fluorescein angiography uses an injected fluorescent dye to visualize blood flow through the retinal and choroidal circulation. Sequential images show how vessels fill, identify areas of reduced or absent perfusion, and reveal dye leakage associated with vascular abnormalities.

This technique is particularly useful for evaluating vascular perfusion, blood-retinal barrier integrity, and abnormal vessel growth. Fluorescein angiography primarily shows dye distribution rather than the surrounding retinal tissue. It provides a two-dimensional (en face) view in which vessels at different depths may overlap. Cross-sectional and cellular structural details require other imaging methods, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) or optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A). Vascular abnormalities that do not affect dye filling or produce leakage may also remain undetected.

Which MICRON systems and add-ons appear?

Which strains and genetic lines are used?

Which other species appear alongside?

What other conditions are recorded on the same papers?

Which MICRON configurations appear in this work?

Configurations recorded in these papers, and the techniques recorded alongside them.

The papers

Browse all hubs at MICRON Research Hubs. The full corpus is searchable in the reSEARCH portal.