{"id":3699,"date":"2020-09-29T22:29:50","date_gmt":"2020-09-29T22:29:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phoenixmicrdev.wpengine.com\/?p=3699"},"modified":"2026-04-02T17:50:43","modified_gmt":"2026-04-02T17:50:43","slug":"rpe-mutations-lead-to-retinal-hypopigmentation-vasculature-changes-and-decreased-function","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/phoenixmicron.com\/es\/rpe-mutations-lead-to-retinal-hypopigmentation-vasculature-changes-and-decreased-function\/","title":{"rendered":"RPE mutations lead to retinal hypopigmentation, vasculature changes, and decreased function"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In their paper, \u201cThe microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (Mitf) gene and its role in regulating eye function,\u201d Garc\u00eda-Llorca et al use the Phoenix MICRON<span class=\"reg-mark half-size\">\u00ae<\/span> IV to examine the outer eye appearance, retinal pigmentation, and retinal vasculature through fluorescein angiography to study several different mouse mutants. Combined with electroretinography and histology, the fundus images tell a story of how subtle genetic differences can result in large phenotypic differences.<\/p>\n<p>Retinal degeneration causes visual impairment and blindness and can be caused by mutations in retinal cells including the photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The <em>Mitf<\/em> gene is involved in RPE differentiation and proliferation and mutations in the gene can lead to coat pigmentation abnormalities and inner ear and eye defects. Mutations are associated with the human diseases Waardenburg and Tietz syndrome and as well as small eye defects. Garc\u00eda-Llorca et al study four <em>Mitf<\/em> mutant mice strains with normal eye size to examine the more subtle effects that an RPE gene abnormality might cause.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3700\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3700\" style=\"width: 1164px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3700 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/phoenixmicron.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/41598_2019_51819_Fig1_HTML.png\" alt=\"MITF Coat and eye appearance\" width=\"1164\" height=\"421\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/phoenixmicron.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/41598_2019_51819_Fig1_HTML.png 1643w, https:\/\/phoenixmicron.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/41598_2019_51819_Fig1_HTML-300x109.png 300w, https:\/\/phoenixmicron.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/41598_2019_51819_Fig1_HTML-1024x371.png 1024w, https:\/\/phoenixmicron.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/41598_2019_51819_Fig1_HTML-768x278.png 768w, https:\/\/phoenixmicron.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/41598_2019_51819_Fig1_HTML-1536x556.png 1536w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1164px) 100vw, 1164px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1164px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1164\/421;\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3700\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 1: Mitf coat and eye appearance. The outer eye is clearly visualized with the Phoenix MICRON<span class=\"reg-mark half-size\">\u00ae<\/span> IV.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The four strains, with coat pigmentation and outer eye appearance shown in Figure 1, are: heterozygous <em>Mitf<sup>mi<\/sup><\/em><sup>&#8211;<em>vga9<\/em>\/+<\/sup>, homozygous<em> Mitf<sup>mi<\/sup><\/em><sup>&#8211;<em>enu22<\/em>(<em>398<\/em>)<\/sup>, heterozygous <em>Mitf<\/em><sup>&#8211;<em>Mi<\/em>&#8211;<em>Wh<\/em>\/+<\/sup>, and <em>Mitf<sup>Mi<\/sup><\/em><sup>&#8211;<em>Wh<\/em><\/sup>\/<em>Mitf<sup>mi<\/sup><\/em>. The heterozygous <em>Mitf<sup>mi<\/sup><\/em><sup>&#8211;<em>vga9<\/em>\/+<\/sup> and homozygous<em> Mitf<sup>mi<\/sup><\/em><sup>&#8211;<em>enu22<\/em>(<em>398<\/em>)<\/sup> had normal eye size, normal ERG responses, and mostly normal histology. However, the Phoenix MICRON<span class=\"reg-mark half-size\">\u00ae<\/span> IV fundus images revealed that heterozygous <em>Mitf<sup>mi<\/sup><\/em><sup>&#8211;<em>vga9<\/em>\/+ <\/sup>had discrete yellow lesions with normal vasculature while homozygous<em> Mitf<sup>mi<\/sup><\/em><sup>&#8211;<em>enu22<\/em>(<em>398<\/em>)<\/sup> had large unpigmented lesions with irregular borders and hyperfluorescent areas in fluorescein angiography, though normal capillaries (Fig 2). The other two mutants had much more dysfunction: no ERG responses with widespread retinal degeneration. The Phoenix MICRON<span class=\"reg-mark half-size\">\u00ae<\/span> IV images showed that the heterozygous <em>Mitf<\/em><sup>&#8211;<em>Mi<\/em>&#8211;<em>Wh<\/em>\/+ <\/sup>had hypopigmented retinas with large lack of pigmentation and reduced capillaries while the <em>Mitf<sup>Mi<\/sup><\/em><sup>&#8211;<em>Wh<\/em><\/sup>\/<em>Mitf<sup>mi<\/sup><\/em> had eye dilation problems and a widespread lack of pigmentation in the retina (Fig 2).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3701\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3701\" style=\"width: 1171px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3701 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/phoenixmicron.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Fig2_HTML.png\" alt=\"fundus pigmentation and retinal vasculature\" width=\"1171\" height=\"496\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/phoenixmicron.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Fig2_HTML.png 1644w, https:\/\/phoenixmicron.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Fig2_HTML-300x127.png 300w, https:\/\/phoenixmicron.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Fig2_HTML-1024x434.png 1024w, https:\/\/phoenixmicron.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Fig2_HTML-768x325.png 768w, https:\/\/phoenixmicron.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Fig2_HTML-1536x650.png 1536w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1171px) 100vw, 1171px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1171px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1171\/496;\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3701\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 2. The fundus pigmentation and retinal vasculature differences among the various Mitf mutants. Images taken with the Phoenix MICRON<span class=\"reg-mark half-size\">\u00ae<\/span> IV.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>As the authors write, \u201cThis study provides more evidence that a functional RPE is important for normal photoreceptor function,\u201d as <em>Mitf <\/em>is RPE-specific and not expressed in the neuroretina. The RPE is essential for normal retinal structure and function and studies such as these examining the various genetic factors affecting the RPE clarify the role of the RPE in normal and dysfunctional eyes.<\/p>\n<p>Garc\u00eda-Llorca, A., Aspelund, S. G., Ogmundsdottir, M. H., Steingrimsson, E., &amp; Eysteinsson, T. (2019). The microphthalmia-associated transcription factor ( Mitf ) gene and its role in regulating eye function. <i>Scientific Reports<\/i>,<i>9<\/i>(1), 1\u201312.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In their paper, \u201cThe microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (Mitf) gene and its role in regulating eye function,\u201d Garc\u00eda-Llorca et al use the Phoenix MICRON\u00ae IV to examine the outer eye appearance, retinal pigmentation, and retinal vasculature through fluorescein angiography to study several different mouse mutants. Combined with electroretinography and histology, the fundus images tell a story [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[108,92,22],"tags":[128,129,42,54,44,130,45,131],"class_list":["post-3699","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-focal-erg","category-fluorescein-angiography","category-micron-iv","tag-fundus-image","tag-mitf","tag-phoenix-micron","tag-retinal-degeneration","tag-retinal-pigment-epithelium","tag-retinal-structure","tag-rpe","tag-waardenburg-and-tietz-syndrome"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>RPE mutations lead to retinal hypopigmentation, vasculature changes, and decreased function - Phoenix-micron<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/phoenixmicron.com\/es\/rpe-mutations-lead-to-retinal-hypopigmentation-vasculature-changes-and-decreased-function\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"RPE mutations lead to retinal hypopigmentation, vasculature changes, and decreased function - Phoenix-micron\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In their paper, \u201cThe microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (Mitf) gene and its role in regulating eye function,\u201d Garc\u00eda-Llorca et al use the Phoenix MICRON\u00ae IV to examine the outer eye appearance, retinal pigmentation, and retinal vasculature through fluorescein angiography to study several different mouse mutants. 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